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Longest Rivers Of The World

  The longest Rivers of the World

The River Nile is the longest river in the world. It measures 6,695 kilometres from its source in Burundi, along the White Nile, to its delta on the Mediterranean Sea. Officially, the shortesr river is the D River, Oregan, USA, which is just 37 metres long.

The biggest river in the world, measured by the amount of water that flows down it, is the Amazon. On average 120,000 cubic metres (about 20 swimming pools' worth) of water flows out of its mouth every second.

The longest river of Europe is the River Volga. It flows primarily in a southerly direction through Russia into the Caspian Sea. The second longest is the Danube, flows west to east before entering the Black Sea.

The longest Rivers of the World River Name Location Length (miles approx) Length (km approx) Drainage Area (sq miles) Flow at mouth (cubic m per second) Nile Africa 4,160 6,695 1,170,000 1,584 Amazon South America 4,000 6,400 2,270,000 180,000 Yangtze Asia (China) 3,900 6,240 698,000 35,000 Mississippi USA 3,870 6,192 1,247,000 17,545 Ob Asia (Russia) 3,459 5,534 1,154,000 12,600 Yenisei/ Angara Asia (Russia) 3,440 5,504 996,000 19,600 Yellow River Asia (China) 3,440 5,504 290,000 1,365 Congo Africa (Zaire) 2,900 4,640 1,440,000 42,000 Amur Asia 2,800 4,480 730,000 12,500 Parana Uruguay 2,795 4,472 1,197,000 19,500 Lena Asia (Russia) 2,700 4,320 961,000 16,400 Mackenzie North America 2,640 4,224 697,000 7,500 Niger Africa 2,600 4,160 850,000 5,700 Mekong Asia 2,500 4,000 750,000 15,900 Volga Europe 2,300 3,680 533,000 8,000 Murray-Darling Australia 2,300 3,680 410,000 391 Rio-Grande USA 1,885 3,016 310,000 82

Nile River


Amazon River


congo River

Amazon Rain Forest

      The Amazon Rain Forest

  The Amazon River Basin is home to the largest rain forest on Earth..Today the Amazon River is the most voluminous river on Earth, eleven times the volume of the Mississippi, and drains an area equivalent in size to the United States. During the high water season, the river's mouth may be 300 miles wide and every day up to 500 billion cubic feet of water (5,787,037 cubic feet/sec) flow into the Atlantic..

The Amazon is home to more species of plants and animals than any other terrestrial ecosystem on the planet -- perhaps 30% of the world's species are found there. Its biodiversity is astounding: a single bush in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the entire British Isles, while a lone hectare of forest may have more than 480 species of trees. Take a look at some of these examples of the Amazon's biological richness: Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fish Insects The Amazon rain forest is the largest tropical rain forest in the world, covering over five and a half a million square KiloMetres (1.4 billion acres). Over half of the Amazon rain forest is located in Brazil but it is also located in other South American countries including Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Bolivia, Suriname and French Guiana. 10% of the world’s known species live in the Amazon rain forest. 20% of the world’s bird species live in the Amazon rain forest. It is home to around 2 and a half million different insect species as well as over 40000 plant species. There are also a number of dangerous species living in the Amazon rainforest such as the cougar, jaguar and anaconda. While the protection of the Amazon rainforest remains an issue, deforestation rates have been reducing while areas of conserved land have been increasing over the last 10 years. In both 2005 and 2010 the Amazon rainforest suffered severe droughts that killed off large amounts of vegetation in the worst affected areas. A recent study by climate change experts suggests that a 3 °C rise in world temperatures by the year 2010 would destroy around 75% of the Amazon. Amazon Deforestation Amazon is the most biggest Rain forest on earth.this contains the major potion of all organisms on earth..But ,now these resources are facing serious threats of destruction.. Between May 2000 and August 2005, Brazil lost more than 132,000 square kilometers of forest—an area larger than Greece—and since 1970, over 600,000 square kilometers (232,000 square miles) of Amazon rain forest have been destroyed. Why is Brazil losing so much forest? What can be done to slow deforestation?  In many tropical countries, the majority of deforestation results from the actions of poor subsistence cultivators. However, in Brazil only about one-third of recent deforestation can be linked to "shifted" cultivators. A large portion of deforestation in Brazil can be attributed to land clearing for pastureland by commercial and speculative interests, misguided government policies, inappropriate World Bank projects, and commercial exploitation of forest resources. For effective action it is imperative that these issues be addressed. Focusing solely on the promotion of sustainable use by local people would neglect the most important forces behind deforestation in Brazil.  Colonization and subsequent subsistence agriculture A significant amount of deforestation is caused by the subsistence activities of poor farmers who are encouraged to settle on forest lands by government land policies. In Brazil, each squatter acquires the right (known as a usufruct right) to continue using a piece of land by living on a plot of unclaimed public land (no matter how marginal the land) and "using" it for at least one year and a day. After five years the squatter acquires ownership and hence the right to sell the land. Up until at least the mid-1990's this system was worsened by the government policy that allowed each claimant to gain title for an amount of land up to three times the amount of forest cleared. Poor farmers use fire for clearing land and every year satellite images pick up tens of thousands of fires burning across the Amazon. Typically under story shrubbery is cleared and then forest trees are cut. The area is left to dry for a few months and then burned. The land is planted with crops like bananas, palms, manioc, maize, or rice. After a year or two, the productivity of the soil declines, and the transient farmers press a little deeper and clear new forest for more short-term agricultural land. The old, now infertile fields are used for small-scale cattle grazing or left for waste. Between 1995 and 1998, the government granted land in the Amazon to roughly 150,000 families. Forty-eight percent of forest loss in 1995 was in areas under 125 acres (50 hectares) in size, suggesting that both loggers and peasants are significant contributors to deforestation We must take appropriate actions to prevaent the massive destruction of the world's enchanting source of life,the Amazon... pls visit this link to see more

Global Warming Consequences

     

 Global Warming:A Serious Threat to ManKind

  Our nature has a large diversity of resources.But due to the uncontrollable activities of the human beings,these resources are decreases day by day..

" There is enough resources to meet the needs of the human race,but not to satisfy anybody's greed.."

    Global warming is a very serious threat to the entire world.. The main consequences of global warming is the change in Global temperature,which will result in global devastation of all life on earth.
  

An Introduction to Climate Change

     Climate change is changing our economy, health and communities in diverse ways. Scientists warn that if we do not aggressively curb climate change now, the results will likely be disastrous.

   Carbon dioxide and other global warming pollutants are collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun's heat and causing the planet to warm up.

Although local temperatures fluctuate naturally, over the past 50 years the average global temperature has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history. Scientists say that unless we curb the emissions that cause climate change, average U.S. temperatures could be 3 to 9 degrees higher by the end of the century.


The United States Global Change Research Program (which includes the Department of Defense, NASA, National Science Foundation and other government agencies) has said that 
  "global warming is unequivocal and primarily human-induced" and that "climate changes are underway in the United States and are projected to grow.

climate change is a complex phenomenon and its full-scale impacts are hard to predict far in advance. But each year scientists learn more about how climate change is affecting the planet and our communities, and most agree that certain consequences are likely to occur if current state will continue..!

   In addition to impacting our water  resources,energy supply,transportation,agriculture,and ecosystems, the United States Global Change Research Program concludes that climate change also poses unique challenges to human health, such as:

• Significant increases in the risk of illness and death related to extreme heat and heat waves are very likely.
• Some diseases transmitted by food, water, and insects are likely to increase.
• Certain groups, including children, the elderly, and the poor, are most vulnerable to a range of climate-related health effects.

These impacts will result in significant costs to our families and the economy.

Global Warming Kills Whitebark Pines, Threatening Mountain Ecosystems

Whitebark Pine: A Keystone Species

Whitebark pine is the foundation species for alpine ecosystems of western North America, its range stretching from California and Nevada in the south, through the Northern Rocky Mountains and the Cascades, to British Columbia and Alberta in the north. Whitebark pine grows at high elevations, and provides food and shelter for animals where few other trees can even survive.

   Consider the Yellowstone grizzly bear, one of the most iconic species affected by the whitebark decline. In the fall, just before hibernation, grizzlies raid caches of whitebark pine cones stored by other animals. It’s an efficient way to get large, nutritious, whitebark pine seeds at a critical time of year. When these caches of high-quality food are not easily available, female grizzlies risk entering hibernation with fewer nutritional reserves, and give birth to fewer cubs.

In addition, if whitebark pine crops fail, grizzlies are driven to forage in lower-elevation areas where they risk encountering, and being killed by, humans. These well-documented threats to whitebark pine were a key factor in the September 2009 decision by a federal judge to put Yellowstone grizzlies back on the endangered species list.

Whitebark pine seeds are also an important food source for Clark’s nutcrackers, whose forgotten seed caches help plant new whitebark stands. Red squirrels and a host of other small mammals and birds also rely on whitebark pine seeds in high mountain environments where food can be scarce.

Remedies Against Global Warming

  Global Temperature is increasing day by day.this will ends in global devastation.so,we must take proper methods to control these upcoming condition for our survival on this planet..

  Here I recommend some simple,but effective personal remedies to prevent Global Warming...

1.                             Recycle your E-Waste

    As we become greater consumers of electronics, we are left with a pressing issue of what to do with all our old or outdated TVs, laptops, cell phones, smartphones, or mp3 players.  Even worse, most communities have no other recourse than to throw out old electronics which means they either end up in landfills or shipped abroad to litter and pollute other countries..

2.      Change Your Bulbs to CFLs

   The Compact Fluorescent Light bulb (CFL) is a fluorescent light that screws into a regular socket, available in the same shades of white light as incandescent and halogen bulbs.Lighting accounts for 20% of all electricity used in our country. 

  

3.Booking an Eco-friendly Hotel

   Taking a vacation can contribute greatly to your annual carbon footprint. One way to help lessen the added emissions is to book your stay at an eco-friendly hotel. Many hotels have adopted practices that help reduce their energy use and, thus, their carbon emissions. From building the hotel out of recycled materials to towel and sheet re-use programs, there are numerous ways hotels can help individuals reduce their footprints while still maintaining high quality service for their guests.

Large Variety of Fishes

Variety of Fishes

There is a Huge variety of fishes on world wide..

Fish Facts

Type:	Fish
Diet:	Omnivore
Size:	2.5cm - 1m (0.9in - 3ft)
Type:	Fresh, Brackish, Salt
PH Level:	5-9
Life Span:	1-60 years
Colour:	Black, White, Yellow, Orange, Silver, Blue, Green, Red
Skin Type:	Scales
Habitat:	All freshwater and saltwater habitats

      Fish are found in every ocean, lake, river and stream in all corners of the globe, in many sizes, colours and species. Most fish (depending on size) tend to eat plankton in the water, insects and smaller fish.

Fish respire through gills in the sides of their heads, allowing the fish to breath underwater. Fish return to the water surface for air at varying intervals. The electric eel fish can go for up to 10 minutes without resurfacing for air.

Due to the bright colours of fish, and the fact that fish are extremely peaceful animals, many people today now keep all kinds of fish in tanks and ponds.

GUPPY FISH

The guppy (also known as the million fish) is a small colourful species of freshwater tropical fish that is found naturally in the rivers and lakes of South America. There are nearly 300 different types of guppy spread throughout Barbados, Brazil, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.

The guppy is one of the most popular types of aquarium tropical fish in the world as they are small, colourful and easier to keep than many other species of fish. The guppy generally lives from 3 to 5 years old in captivity and slightly less in the wild.

The guppy has been introduced to most other countries mainly as a method of mosquito prevention as the guppy eats the mosquito larva before they are able to fly, therefore slowing down the spread of malaria.

                            Guppy Facts

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cyprinodontiformes
Family:	Poeciliidae
Genus:	Poecilia
Common Name:	Guppy
Scientific Name:	Poecilia Reticulata
Origin:	South America
Diet:	Omnivore
Size (L):	4cm - 7.6cm (1.5in - 3in)
Water Type:	Fresh
Optimum pH Level:	5.0 - 7.0
Life Span:	2 - 4 years
Conservation Status:	Least Concern
Skin Type:	Scales
Favourite Food:	Algae
Habitat:	Rivers in the Amazon
Average Clutch Size:	80
Main Prey:	Algae, Shrimp, Fish
Predators:	Fish, Birds, Mammals
Distinctive Features:	Brightly coloured body and fins and give birth to live young

Molly Fish

   The molly is a small-sized tropical fish that is found naturally in the warm and peaceful rivers of Central America. Today, mollies are extremely popular fish to be kept in the community of an artificial aquarium, all around the world.

Mollies are known for their calm and peaceful nature, which along with their brightly coloured bodies, makes them a particular popular choice for freshwater tanks of all shapes and sizes. The male mollies are more slender than the female mollies and have a slightly longer tail fin, making the two sexes easy to tell apart.

Mollies live amongst the plants in a group containing numerous molly individuals, known as a school. Although this works well for the mollies in the wild, the fast-paced breeding of these molly groups can quickly become a problem in artificial tanks.

Molly Facts

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Cyprinodontiformes
Family:	Poeciliidae
Genus:	Poecilia
Common Name:	Molly
Scientific Name:	Poecilia
Origin:	Central America
Diet:	Omnivore
Size (L):	5cm - 10cm (2in - 4in)
Water Type:	Fresh
Optimum pH Level:	7.5 - 8.5
Life Span:	3 - 5 years
Conservation Status:	Threatened
Colour:	Brown, Black, Yellow, White, Green, Blue, Red, Orange
Skin Type:	Scales
Favourite Food:	Algae
Habitat:	Rivers in the Amazon Rainforest
Average Clutch Size:	80
Main Prey:	Algae, Insects, Bloodworm
Predators:	Large Fish, Birds, Reptiles
Distinctive Features:	Large-sized fins and bear live young

Due to their small size, mollies have numerous natural predators within their environment, with larger fish being the most common predators of the molly. Aquatic birds and even reptiles are also known to hunt them.

Angel Fish



This variety of fishes are well known for its beauty,hence the name Angel Fish.There are around 100 different species of angelfish that inhabit the waters of the southern hemisphere. There are two main types of angelfish, those that live in the freshwater rivers in South America (freshwater angelfish) and those angelfish that inhabit the salty ocean waters (marine angelfish).













Marine angelfish graze on algae on coral reefs and rocks are well as eating smaller fish and crustaceans such as shrimp and small species of prawn. Adult marine angelfish are preyed upon by sharks, marine mammals and humans, but the young and smaller marine angelfish are eaten by many different species of animal both in the water and those based on land (such as birds).

Butterfly Fish

The butterfly fish is a generally small sized species of marine fish, found in tropical and subtropical waters, primarily aroundcoral reefs. The butterfly fishis well known for it's brightly coloured body and elaborate markings.

There are more than 100 different species of butterfly fishfound distributed throughout the Atlantic, Indian and Pacificoceans, meaning that the butterfly fish is a salt-water species of (marine) fish.

The average butterfly fish is fairly small and generally grows to around 4 or 5 inches in length. Some species of the butterflyfish however, are known to grow to 8 inches (20 cm) long and some butterfly fish individuals have been known to grow to 30 cm in length.

Butterfly 

Fish Facts

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Chaetodontidae
Common Name:	Butterfly fish
Scientific Name:	Chaetodontidae
Origin:	Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans
Diet:	Omnivore
Size (L):	7cm - 15cm (3in - 6in)
Water Type:	Salt
Optimum pH Level:	8.1 - 8.6
Life Span:	6 - 12 years
Conservation Status:	Endangered
Colour:	Black, White, Yellow, Orange, Silver
Skin Type:	Scales
Favourite Food:	Plankton
Habitat:	Tropical coral reefs
Average Clutch Size:	200
Main Prey:	Plankton, Coral, Crustaceans
Predators:	Fish, Eels, Sharks
Distinctive Features	Elongated nose and bright colours

Lion Fish

The lionfish (also known as the turkeyfish, tigerfish, dragonfish, scorpionfish, andbutterfly cod) is a poisonous spiky fish found in the warmer waters of the western and central Pacific Ocean. The lionfish is a predatory fishhunting small fish, but it's venom is capable of being fatal to larger creatures.

The lionfish is a popular aquarium fish around the world, although the lionfish is better kept in tanks with lots of space and few other fish. The lionfish can live to around 16 years in the wild and lionfish often live longer if looked after well in captivity.

There are around 8 different recognised species of lionfish that are found in the Pacific Ocean. The lionfish is natively found in coastal waters around rocky crevices and coral reefs where there are lots of smaller fish for the lionfish to eat and also places for the lionfish to hide.

The lionfish catches it's prey by hiding in a crevice in the rock or coral and then ambushing it as it swims past.The lionfish then corners it's prey with it's large fins before swallowing it whole.

Lionfish prey on a wide variety of small fish and crustaceans that inhabit the tropical reefs. The lionfish is prey to fewpredators due to the large size of the lionfish and the fact that the appearance of the lionfish is intimating to other animals. The spikes that protrude from the body of the lionfish contain venom that lionfish uses to defend itself if it is being pursued. The main predators of the lionfish are large fish, eels andhumans that catch the lionfish to put into a tank.

Siamese fighting fish 

   The Siamese fighting fish is a small and colourful carnivorous species of fishfound in the Mekong River that runs through a number of countries in south-east Asia.

The Siamese fighting fish is native to the Mekong delta in south-east Asia and although theSiamese fighting fish can today be found naturally in Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia, it is thought to have originated from Thailand.

The Siamese fighting fish was given its name in Thai ikan bettah which means biting fish! The Siamese fighting fish is known for its feisty temperament displayed towards other males and smaller species of fish and can often display very aggressive behaviour towards any animals that the Siamesefighting fish sees as a threat towards it .

Siamese Fighting Fish Facts

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Perciformes
Family:	Osphronemidae
Genus:	Betta
Common Name:	Siamese Fighting Fish
Scientific Name:	Betta Splendens
Origin:	Southeast Asia
Diet:	Carnivore
Size (L):	6cm - 8cm (2.4in - 3.1in)
Water Type:	Fresh
Optimum pH Level:	6.9 - 7.2
Life Span:	1 - 4 years
Conservation Status:	Least Concern
Skin Type:	Scales
Favourite Food:	Insects
Habitat:	Mekong river in south-east Asia
Average Clutch Size:	30
Main Prey:	Insects, Brine Shrimp, Plankton
Predators:	Fish, Cat, Salamander
Distinctive Features:	Feisty temperament and long tail fin